Scotland

• June 2019
  • Trip Report
• June 2022
  • Trip Report
• August 2022
  • Trip Report
• June 2023
  • Species List
• August 2023
  • Trip Report
• May 2024 (Wild Scotland Cruise)
  • Species List
  • Trip Report
• June 2024
  • Species List
  • Trip Report
• August 2024
  • Species List
  • Trip Report

This information is important for being prepared for your journey; we want you to have the best experience possible. If you only read one section, this one is key!

Ahead of Your Tour

• Make sure your passport will be valid for the duration of your stay. We suggest at least 3 months validity beyond the end of the tour to allow for unexpected delays in return travel. 
• As of January 8, 2025, an electronic travel authorization (ETA) will be required for visitors to the UK from dozens of visa-exempt countries, including the United States and Canada. See “Passports, Visas and Documents” section below for more details.
• Please check current CDC recommendations for travel to Scotland and consult with your doctor about general travel vaccinations you should have as precaution for travel. See the “General Health and Inoculations” section below.
• Travel insurance in case of serious medical emergency is strongly recommended. Full health coverage and repatriation is available through Allianz Travel Insurance.
• Plan your flight reservations arriving into and departing from Inverness International Airport (INV). Send a copy of your itinerary to the Naturalist Journeys office please.
• Soft sided luggage/duffel bags are easiest for packing the vans. Pack essential medications in your carry-on luggage, as well as one day of clothing and optics in case of luggage delay.

Arrival into Inverness International Airport (INV), Scotland

Please note. If you are delayed in travel, please FIRST call the number of our Scotland operator. As a backup, contact our office (numbers are on your emergency contact list).

The airport for this tour is Inverness International Airport (INV). There are no activities planned for the first day of the tour, so you can arrive at your convenience and rest up from your travels. Upon arrival at the airport, you will pass through immigration and customs and exit to the main terminal area. Your emergency contact sheet will be helpful at Immigration when they ask where you are going. At the airport, there is an ATM to withdraw money and change desks where US Dollars can be changed for Pounds.

Your accommodations are close to the airport tonight since everyone arrives at different times. Please transfer by taxi to our first hotel. We can alert you to anyone coming in at the same time you do to share taxi service. This is reliable and efficient from Inverness.

Once we know everyone’s arrival schedule, and who would like to join in, we can make dinner reservations for that evening.

Please check the Travel Details section of this tour for additional information and updates.

Departures from Inverness International Airport (INV), Scotland

Please plan your flight home on the last day of the tour at your leisure. Your return to the airport is by taxi today to match up with your flight. We can help coordinate possible rideshares if flights match up with others in the group.

Please check the Travel Details section of this tour for additional information and updates.

Passport, Visas & Documents

Guidelines and regulations can change. It is always advisable to double-check the country’s documentation requirements 60-90 days ahead of traveling. Information for U.S. citizens can be found at https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/UnitedKingdom.html. If you are traveling from a country other than the U.S., please contact Scotland's embassy website for guidelines.

Passport: At the time of writing, the U.K. requires a passport that is in good condition and is valid for the duration of your stay. We suggest at least 3 months validity beyond end of tour to allow for unexpected delays in return travel. If traveling to other countries, you should check for their requirements should they differ. You should have at least one blank page per stamp. The blank pages need to say “Visas” at the top. Pages marked “Amendments and Endorsements” will not be accepted. 

Visa: At the time of writing, a tourist visa is not required for stays the length of this tour, but an ETA is required (see below). You will need proof of a return ticket. The necessary documents will be distributed by your airline while in flight or provided for you upon arrival. We advise that you bring your eContact list of hotels for use at immigration as well.

Electronic Travel Authorization (ETA): As of January 8, 2025, an ETA is required for visitors traveling to the UK from dozens of visa-exempt countries, including the United States and Canada. You can apply online here. You will need the passport that you will travel with to apply (see Passport requirements for this tour above). It costs around $13 and is valid for multiple journeys over a two-year period. Once approved, the ETA is linked to your passport, so there is no physical document.  For more information, go to the European Travel Information and Authorization System (ETIAS) website.

As a precaution for lost or misplaced documents you carry on your person during travel, we highly recommend you keep hard and digital backup copies on your phone (either photo or PDF scan), as well as a hard copy left with your emergency contact at home. The recommended important documents to copy include, but are not limited to; your passport ID page, travel visa, the front and back of your credit card(s), the airline barcode on your luggage. This will greatly expedite getting new ones if necessary – we hope everyone will always keep travel documents close so that losing them will not be an issue.

General Health & Inoculations Information – Be Prepared!

Health requirements for entry to any country can change. It is always advisable to double-check the country’s health requirements and recommendations 60-90 days ahead of traveling and compliance is the traveler's responsibility. A helpful website for planning is the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website or by phone (800) CDC-INFO or (800) 232-4636.

We will share your health information with your guide. This information will be kept confidential but is very important as we want to be best prepared in case of medical emergency. 

Vaccinations: Bring your up-to-date vaccination records with you. At the time of writing there were no required vaccinations to enter Scotland. Please check current CDC recommendations for travel to your tour destinaton and consult with your doctor about vaccinations you should have as precaution for travel at least 4-6 weeks before departing on your trip (in case there are any that require followup inoculations or time to become effective).

Prescriptions: It is a good idea to pack any meds you take regularly in your carry-on luggage.  Bring an extra pair of glasses or contact lenses. Bring an adequate supply of any prescription medications you use, a copy of the prescription and a list of generic names of your medicines as “back-up” in case it is necessary to purchase drugs while abroad. You’ll want to keep medications in their original, labeled containers. 

Allergies: To be prepared for environmental triggers to allergies or breathing difficulties, please bring your allergy and/or asthma medication(s).  If you have severe allergies talk to your doctor about carrying an EPI pen and notify your guides. It is also recommended to carry with you an up-to-date record of known allergies, chronic medical problems and Medic Alerts so that, if necessary, emergency treatment can be carried out without endangering your health.

Common Ailments: We recommend that you bring a travel-sized first aid kit and a supply of standard over-the-counter medications for prevention or treatment of common ailments (such as diarrhea, constipation, stomach upset, cough, congestion, head or body aches, insect bites and sunburn); as well as ointments, moisturizer, sunscreen, oral rehydration salts, band-aids, moleskin for blisters, cotton swabs, nail clippers, and tweezers, etc.

Altitude sickness: It can affect some and, if there is a concern, be prepared. The most general symptoms are headache and occasionally fatigue and dizziness. You’ll want to take it easy, particularly at first. These symptoms can be reduced by resting, drinking plenty of water and taking aspirin. If you have worries about the altitude, ask your physician about medications that may be right for you.

Weather & Climate

Plan for a large variation in weather conditions. Brilliant sunshine and rain are equally as possible. The weather is often cool in Scotland, even in the summer, with thunderstorms and rain. Highs average in the low-60s°F, and lows in the mid- 40s°F, with comfortable to high humidity. See Packing List section for recommendations for this climate. 

Food & Drinks

Meals during this journey will reflect local cuisine and specialties, and will be varied and flavorful.

Bottled water will be available for field trips and drinking water is provided for you to refill a bottle. One of the many ways we strive to do our part for the environment is by trying to reduce our consumption of plastics; if convenient we appreciate if you can bring reusable water bottles.

Packing, Clothing & Laundry

Please, pack light! We are serious about this – we move around a lot; you just do not need much to cope with tropical life. Please do not bring anything more than you must. Lay out your hopeful things to take and then do a serious paring down! 

Dress is very informal. While some people will change for dinner, it is usually just to a drier or cleaner version of what they wore during the day.

Scotland does have rain, and as it’s a regular feature, the field work will continue regardless. Come well prepared with layers of clothing, including a rain-jacket that can double as a windbreaker, and an umbrella. Bring waterproofs, walking boots or shoes and warm clothing.  

Laundry services can be arranged at some of our hotels, those where you have multiple nights. But it is most convenient if you are content with hand laundering.

TRAVEL TIP: Imagine NOT getting your suitcase. Wear your most important shoes for the field and have one day’s clothing change (including a change of underwear!). And please DO NOT pack any essential medications or vital optics in your checked luggage!

See "Packing List" under the Know Before You Go tab for a more detailed list.

Spending Money

The official currency in Scotland is the pound sterling (GBP). We advise you carry a mix of different types of payments, such as cash, an ATM card, and a credit card. For the current exchange rate, please refer to an online converter tool like www.xe.com, or your bank.

When using the ATM to withdrawal cash, keep in mind it might only accept cards from local banks or not allow cash advances on credit cards. Many U.S. banks charge a fee of $1 - $5 each time you use a foreign ATM. Others may charge you a percentage of the amount you withdraw. Check with your bank before departure. You must become familiar with how to use your ATM card and PIN number ahead of the journey. If you plan to exchange cash in country, bring large U.S. bill ($50 or $100) in good condition that will give you the better rate when exchanging to local currency.

We suggest you have more than one card available, if possible. You may want to bring more than one brand of card (VISA and Mastercard are commonly accepted; American Express is less common). Some smaller shops and restaurants, or taxis require cash, so it is always a good idea to ask before making a purchase. Also, we recommend that you advise your bank or credit card company that you will be traveling abroad to avoid questions, card freezes, or charges. If you have a choice of cards, bring one with no foreign exchange fees.

Traveler’s checks are not widely accepted. They can be difficult to exchange. We do not advise you use them.

Gratuities

Expect the normal tipping protocol to apply for your hotel maids and bar service. If at the end of the tour, you would like to show our appreciation to your guides, tipping is entirely appropriate but at your discretion. We hope that you will be pleased with all professional services. Gratuities for group meals are included. For your birding tour guide, we suggest $10-$15 per day per guest. Note that if there is more than one guide, this can be split among them.

*Please note that these suggested tips are quoted in U.S. Dollars. You will want to convert and tip in Pounds.

Cell Phones & Internet Service

Your guide is well connected and can help if any urgent communication need arises. However, it is highly recommended that you travel with a cell phone, if only as a precaution for the unfortunate occurrence of a medical emergency during an outing and needing swift accessibility to critical personal or medical contacts. 

Please check with your wireless provider to see if your phone and service will work in your destination country. Options include activating international roaming, purchasing a local SIM card at the airport if they’re even available (newer phones may not accept SIM cards), or simply turning off cellular service and relying on Wi-Fi to make calls and access the internet. If your phone can connect to Wi-Fi, you may be able to make voice and video calls free of charge. Another option if you have access to Wi-Fi is to use smartphone apps like Skype, WhatsApp, or Viber to send text messages, and make voice calls, or video calls. Many smartphones, tablets, or laptops come with one of these apps pre-installed or you can download for free.

Your hotels and most local restaurants provide Wi-Fi at least in their common areas. Although it is generally a reliable service, it can be affected by adverse weather conditions if you are in a remote location.

Make sure if you do NOT want to use your cell phone that you turn off your cellular data. You could incur huge charges if you are not on Wi-Fi. Putting your phone in airplane mode if you mainly use it for photos will save the battery as well. 

Please refrain from taking or making cell phone calls in the vehicles when traveling with other passengers, unless it appears to be an emergency. This disrupts other guests, plan on cell phone call use on your own time.

Electricity

The standard voltage in Scotland is 240V, higher than in the United States (120V), with frequency of 50 Hz. Electrical sockets (outlets) in Scotland are primarily "Type G".

You will most likely need to bring a power plug adapter, and a voltage converter in order to use appliances or devices from the U.S. To be sure, check the label on your appliance. More information can be found at https://www.power-plugs-sockets.com/scotland/.

Time

Scotland is in the Greenwich Mean Time Zone, which is 5 hours earlier than New York (Eastern Time). Scotland does observe Summer Time (or Daylight Savings Time). A great website if you want to tell someone to check ahead of calling you is www.timeanddate.com.

Questions?

Please contact Naturalist Journeys by email at clientservices@naturalistjourneys or telephone at our office: (520) 558-1146 or toll free: (866) 900-1146 if you have any questions. Many thanks for traveling with us and we hope you enjoy your journey!

Pace of the Tour & What to Expect

You will receive a Schedule-at-a-Glance and list of hotels (our eContact List) a few weeks before your departure. This will serve as an outline for each day and alert you to any recent changes made in the schedule or to our hotels, if needed.

Our journeys are set up to follow the rhythm of nature. Our focus is on birding and nature; we offer full, well-planned field days and often get up early for that magical time around dawn. We generally follow the published itinerary, but we stay flexible to the weather, wildlife opportunities and the interests of the group. Your guide will keep you apprised of the next day’s schedule at each evening meal, noting what to bring and what to prepare for. Questions and/or concerns are welcome.

The pace of our Naturalist Journeys tours is moderate; to fully participate you should be able to get in and out of vehicles several times a day, and walk 1-3 miles over uneven terrain. It is important to participate with a flexible attitude as adjustments may be made in our schedule to make the most of our time in the field or for other purposes at your guide's discretion. We are not a “listing” bird company that drills down on target species, but at times we do wait for those special species unique to the places we visit. During the day, we take time to stop for photos and for educational opportunities to learn about conservation projects, landscapes, and geology. We appreciate other taxa as well as birds, with mammals often the biggest draw but plants and butterflies are also very popular. Our clients often lend their own expertise to the mix.

We like to make meals a fun and memorable part of the experience, too. Breakfasts are often at hotels, and we carry snacks, fruit, and water in the vans each day. Lunches are a mix of picnics in the field (weather dependent) and a chance to dine with locals at small cafes and restaurants. For dinner, we pride ourselves in our homework to keep up with the best choices for dining, choosing restaurants with atmosphere that specialize in local foods. On occasion we keep dinner simple to go back out in the field for sunset wildlife viewing or night walks. In some remote locations, our choices are limited. If you are tired, room service for dinner may be an option you can choose.

Naturalist Journeys International Trips: Guide Role

Naturalist Journeys supports ecotourism and the development of excellent local guides. Once we know our international partners and guides well, we can send out small groups working directly with these trusted partners, adding a Naturalist Journeys guide to assist the local expert when we have a group of 6-7 or more. This helps us keep your costs down while retaining tour quality. The local guide is your main guide. You can expect your Naturalist Journeys guide to be well-researched and often they are experienced in the destination, but their role is not to be primary, it is to help to organize logistics, help you find birds, mammals, and interesting other species in the field, keep reports, help facilitate group interactions, and to keep the trip within Naturalist Journeys' style. Local guides live in the countries we travel to, know the destinations intimately, and are often the strongest force for conservation in their countries. They open many doors for us to have a rich experience.

Smoking

Smoking is not permitted in any vehicle or in any situation where the group is participating in an activity together, such as a vehicle excursion or a guided walk. Please respect all designated smoking areas at hotels and restaurants.

Transportation

As a courtesy to each other, we ask that all travelers please rotate seating. On international trips we may all be in one small bus, on some trips we are in vans, particularly the roomy Sprinter Vans when available. Some areas require us to be in smaller 4-wheel drive or safari vehicles. Rotation allows you to sit with different drivers and alternate front and back seating.

Photo Release & Sharing

We take many group photos and will share photos with the group. And after your tour, we will organize a chance to share photos via Dropbox or Google Photos. Please note that this is our policy and if you prefer to be excluded, we need to know ahead of your tour.

By registering for this tour, you agree to grant to Naturalist Journeys and its authorized representatives’ permission to record on photography film and/or video, pictures of my participation in the tour. You further agree that any or all of the material photographed may be used, in any form, as part of any future publications, brochure, or other printed materials used to promote Naturalist Journeys, and further that such use shall be without payment of fees, royalties, special credit or other compensation.

Travel Insurance

You are traveling in remote areas. Naturalist Journeys strongly recommends you have full medical and evacuation insurance from a company such as Allianz, for all international travel. If you do not have medical coverage or evacuation coverage on your existing travel insurance policy or for some reason elected not to take that out, we advise getting an evacuation plan with Global Rescue, World Nomads, Medjet, Allianz (they can do evacuation only) or a similar company. These plans are typically $300-$400 for a year for multiple destinations. This coverage may be a part of a larger Travel Insurance policy but can also be purchased on its own.

Questions?

Please contact Naturalist Journeys by email at clientservices@naturalistjourneys.com or telephone our office: (520) 558-1146 or toll free: (866) 900-1146 if you have any questions. Many thanks for traveling with us and we hope you enjoy your journey.

Please pack light!

Luggage: Soft luggage is much easier for us to pack than a more rigid hard sided piece, so if you have the choice, please use your soft luggage.  Be sure to have your name and address on the inside of the bag, as well as on the luggage tag on the handle.  It is our hope that you can pack in one checked suitcase that does not exceed 45 pounds. Please reconfirm your airline’s baggage weight and size restrictions about a week or so before departure. 

Carry-On: Be sure to pack your personal medication, airline tickets, passport, binoculars, camera, and other essential items in your carry-on bag. You will want a day pack for field trips, so this is an ideal carry-on.

TRAVEL TIP: Imagine NOT getting your suitcase. Wear your most important shoes for the field and have one day’s clothing change (including a change of underwear!). And please DO NOT pack any essential medications or vital optics in your checked luggage! 

Dressing for climate: When deciding what to pack based on weather and climate, check a weather website closer to your departure to better predict what the weather will be during your adventure.

Scotland is known for its cool, mild weather and its frequent cloud cover and rain. June highs average in the low-60s°F, and lows in the mid- 40s°F. You’ll encounter rain which will cause the temperatures to drop. Best be prepared for this variable climate by dressing in layers of clothing, including a rain-jacket that can double as a windbreaker, and an umbrella. Bring waterproofs, walking boots or shoes and warm clothing. As rain is Scotland's regular feature, the field work will continue regardless. 

For the Field: Long-sleeved shirts and long pants make ideal field clothing, as they are more protective from sun, insects and vegetation. Choose clothing you don’t mind getting dirty – and things that are comfortable and easy. Please avoid white or brightly colored outerwear for the field. Layering is your best strategy for comfort.

While some people will change for dinner, it is usually very informal - just to a drier or cleaner version of what they wore during the day.

Laundry services can be arranged at some of our hotels, those where you have multiple nights. But it is most convenient if you are content with hand laundering.

Clothing & Gear

• Long pants, 2-3 pair (comfortable and loose fitting is best)
• Shorts or zip-off/convertible pants (optional)
• Long-sleeved shirts (2-3)
• T-shirts or equivalent (4-5 – remember you may be buying some anyway!)
• Personal underclothing and pajamas
• Lightweight long underwear for cooler evenings
• Socks (light to medium weight and easy to wash and dry)
• Comfortable clothes for evening (a cleaner version of your field clothes or a skirt, sundress, etc.)
• Bathing suit (optional)
• Hat with broad brim
• Comfortable walking shoes - such as tennis shoes (great if they are water-resistant)
• Lightweight hiking boots – preferably waterproof
• Comfortable light shoes for evenings, travel days (Crocs work well or sandals)
• Jacket - fleece fabric is ideal
• Warm sweater or sweatshirt
• Raincoat/Waterproof shell (great if this doubles as a windbreaker)
• Rain pants (optional)
• Wind/waterproof gloves – for night spotting
• Warm Hat & scarf (or turtleneck) – for night spotting
• Field vest (optional), a great source is Big Pockets

Equipment & Miscellaneous

• E-ticket verification
• Passport, visa (if required), travel insurance info, money & credit cards.
• A secure pouch to carry the items above on your person at all times (such as a secure, under-clothing document pouch)
• As a backup: copies of all the above (phone and/or paper) packed in a separate location than on your person, plus a set given to your emergency contact at home as a backup. For passport, copy of the  ID and entry stamp pages.
• Small daypack to carry field gear while hiking
• Cell phone and charger
• Binoculars
• Camera and charger/extra batteries, memory cards/film, lens cleaning supplies and instruction manual (optional)
• Spotting scope and tripod (optional – guide will have them)
• Tablet/laptop for personal use and/or transferring photos, USB stick, USB cord and charger (optional). If bringing a laptop or tablet, bring a good dustcover to protect it at all times.
• Adapters for three prong electronic equipment
• Rechargeable power bank (optional)
• Power plug adapter & electrical transformer
• Umbrella - compact, not brightly colored (a great option for occasional rain as you can keep using your binoculars)
• Small flashlight with fresh batteries
• Alarm clock, or use your cell phone
• Sunscreen/lip balm with SPF
• Sunglasses with neck strap
• Toiletry articles
• Water bottle (or you can use one of ours and refill during the journey)
• Notebook or journal and pen (optional)
• Field guides (optional)
• Earplugs (if hotel noise or roommates snoring may bother you; these are optional)
• Laundry soap (consider non-liquid laundry soap "sheets" that pack flat, and are lightweight and environmentally friendly).
• Travel sewing kit

WE DO NOT RECOMMEND TRAVELING WITH PRECIOUS OR VALUABLE JEWELRY – don’t tempt anyone and don’t bring things you’d regret losing - your mind will be at ease!

Medical & First Aid Items

• Heath insurance and vaccination records (kept in personal pouch with other travel documents)
• Personal medications
• Copy of eyeglass prescription, copy of medical prescriptions, and any medical alerts
• Extra pair of eyeglasses or contacts
• Personal first aid kit (including Band-Aids, moleskin to protect against blisters, etc.), and medications for general ailments.
• Motion sickness preventatives if likely to be needed on bus, van drives, etc.
• Foot powder, lotions for dry skin, general “comfort” items
• Small bottle of hand sanitizer

There are many titles of interest for Scotland; the following are a few that we have enjoyed that can get you started.

Top Picks

Collins Bird Guide, The Most Complete Guide to the Birds of Britain and Europe

Merlin App – Europe Pack. A phone-based birding app from Cornell University Laboratory of Ornithology. Before departing the U.S., download the app for free, then from within the app, download the “pack” for Europe.

Birds of Europe

Lonely Planet: Scotland 11

General Reading

Wild Guide Scotland: Hidden Places, Great Adventures, and the Good Life

Where to Watch Birds in Europe & Russia

Field Guides

Collins Scottish Birds

Mammals of Britain and Europe

Collins Butterfly Guide: The Most Complete Field Guide to the Butterflies of Britain and Europe

Butterflies of Britain and Europe: A Photographic Guide

The Complete Illustrated Guide to Animals, Birds & Fish of the British Isles: A Natural History and Identification Guide with Over 440 Native Species from England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales

Natural History

Set in Stone: The Geology and Landscapes of Scotland

History & Culture

Scotland – Culture Smart!: The Essential Guide to Customs & Culture

How the Scots Invented the Modern World: The True Story of How Western Europe’s Poorest Nation Created Our World & Everything In It

A History of Scotland: Look Behind the Mist and Myth of Scottish History

The Noble Houses of Scotland

Memoir/Non-Fiction

Hebrides

Sea Room: An Island Life in the Hebrides

A House by the Shore: Twelve Years in the Hebrides

Your guide will also have a selection of reference books and materials for participants to share. As an Amazon Associate, Naturalist Journeys earns from qualifying purchases, and may get commissions for purchases made through links on this page at no added cost to you.

General

Scotland

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland

Inverness

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness

Nethy Bridge

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nethy_Bridge

Nature, Wildlife & Biology

Key Species

• https://www.heatherlea.co.uk/birdwatching-holidays-scotland-key-birds

Scotland Birding

• https://fatbirder.com/links_geo/europe/scotland.html

Northern Gannet

• https://www.seabird.org/wildlife/gannet

Kittiwake

• https://www.britannica.com/animal/kittiwake

Puffin

• https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Atlantic_Puffin/overview

Capercaillie

• https://www.rspb.org.uk/birds-and-wildlife/wildlife-guides/bird-a-z/capercaillie/

Otters

• https://www.nature.scot/plants-animals-and-fungi/mammals/land-mammals/otter

Dolphins, Whales, and Porpoises

• https://www.nature.scot/plants-animals-and-fungi/mammals/marine-mammals/dolphins-whales-and-porpoises

Scotland Trees

• https://forestryandland.gov.scot/learn/trees

Conservation, Parks & Reserves

Abernethy Forest

• https://www.nature.scot/enjoying-outdoors/scotlands-national-nature-reserves/abernethy-national-nature-reserve

Troup Head

• https://www.rspb.org.uk/reserves-and-events/reserves-a-z/troup-head/

Staffa Nature Reserve

• www.visitscotland.com/info/see-do/staffa-national-nature-reserve-p333931

Treshnish Isles

• https://www.southernhebrides.com/treshnish-isles-puffin-territory/

Lunga

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunga,_Treshnish_Isles

Staffa

• https://www.nts.org.uk/visit/places/staffa

Geology & Geography

How Scotland’s Geological Foundations Came Together

• https://www.nature.scot/landforms-and-geology/scotlands-rocks-landforms-and-soils/rocks-and-minerals/how-scotlands-geological-foundations-came-together

Scottish Geography

• https://www.tota.world/article/633/

Fingal’s Cave

• https://www.britannica.com/place/Fingals-Cave

Scottish Highlands

• https://www.scotlandinfo.eu/scottish-highlands/

History & Culture

Historical Timeline of Scotland

• https://www.scotland.org/about-scotland/history

Scotland’s Culture

• https://www.scotland.org/about-scotland/culture

History of Mull

• https://www.isle-of-mull.net/attractions/history/history-of-mull/

History of Iona

• https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryMagazine/DestinationsUK/Isle-of-Iona/

Royal Society for the Protection of Birds History

• https://www.rspb.org.uk/about-the-rspb/about-us/our-history/

Traditional Scottish Food

• https://theculturetrip.com/europe/united-kingdom/scotland/articles/16-foods-you-must-eat-in-scotland/

Helpful Travel Websites

Inverness Airport (INV)

• https://www.hial.co.uk/inverness-airport

National Passport Information Center

• https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports.html/

U.S. Department of State International Travel Information - UK

• https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/UnitedKingdom.html

Homeland Security Real ID Act

• https://www.dhs.gov/real-id

U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP)

• https://www.cbp.gov/travel

Transportation Security Administration (TSA)

• https://www.tsa.gov/

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - UK

• https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/traveler/none/united-kingdom?s_cid=ncezid-dgmq-travel-single-001

Travel Health Pro (UK) - UK

• https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/

Foreign Exchange Rates

• https://www.xe.com/

ATM Locator

• https://www.mastercard.us/en-us/personal/get-support/find-nearest-atm.html
• https://www.visa.com/atmlocator/

Electricity and Plugs - Scotland

• https://www.power-plugs-sockets.com/scotland

Date, Time, and Holidays

• https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/uk/scotland
• https://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/uk